全文获取类型
收费全文 | 15427篇 |
免费 | 490篇 |
国内免费 | 329篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 9654篇 |
晶体学 | 97篇 |
力学 | 455篇 |
综合类 | 30篇 |
数学 | 2078篇 |
物理学 | 3932篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 192篇 |
2020年 | 203篇 |
2019年 | 196篇 |
2018年 | 188篇 |
2017年 | 159篇 |
2016年 | 366篇 |
2015年 | 318篇 |
2014年 | 400篇 |
2013年 | 832篇 |
2012年 | 683篇 |
2011年 | 799篇 |
2010年 | 560篇 |
2009年 | 545篇 |
2008年 | 736篇 |
2007年 | 795篇 |
2006年 | 651篇 |
2005年 | 650篇 |
2004年 | 654篇 |
2003年 | 624篇 |
2002年 | 617篇 |
2001年 | 432篇 |
2000年 | 374篇 |
1999年 | 274篇 |
1998年 | 207篇 |
1997年 | 187篇 |
1996年 | 207篇 |
1995年 | 246篇 |
1994年 | 224篇 |
1993年 | 179篇 |
1992年 | 174篇 |
1991年 | 188篇 |
1990年 | 193篇 |
1989年 | 161篇 |
1988年 | 150篇 |
1987年 | 139篇 |
1986年 | 125篇 |
1985年 | 225篇 |
1984年 | 241篇 |
1983年 | 167篇 |
1982年 | 186篇 |
1981年 | 161篇 |
1980年 | 163篇 |
1979年 | 153篇 |
1978年 | 121篇 |
1977年 | 167篇 |
1976年 | 154篇 |
1975年 | 123篇 |
1974年 | 118篇 |
1973年 | 118篇 |
1972年 | 69篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Carlos Eduardo De Farias Silva Eleonora Sforza Alberto Bertucco 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2017,181(2):682-698
Synechococcus PCC 7002 is an interesting species in view of industrial production of carbohydrates. The cultivation performances of this species are strongly affected by the pH of the medium, which also influences the carbohydrate accumulation. In this work, different methods of pH control were analyzed, in order to obtain a higher production of both Synechococcus biomass and carbohydrates. To better understand the influence of pH on growth and carbohydrate productivity, manual and automatic pH regulation in CO2 and bicarbonate system were applied. The pH value of 8.5 resulted the best to achieve both of these goals. From an industrial point of view, an alternative way to maintain the pH practically constant during the entire period of cultivation is the exploitation of the bicarbonate-CO2 buffer system, with the double aim to maintain the pH in the viability range and also to provide the amount of carbon required by growth. In this condition, a high concentration of biomass (6 g L?1) and carbohydrate content (around 60 %) were obtained, which are promising in view of a potential use for bioethanol production. The chemical equilibrium of C-N-P species was also evaluated by applying the ionic balance equations, and a relation between the sodium bicarbonate added in the medium and the equilibrium value of pH was discussed. 相似文献
92.
Rayne S. S. Magalhães Karina C. De Lima Diego S. G. de Almeida Joelma F. De Mesquita Elis C. A. Eleutherio 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2017,181(3):914-924
In some pathogens, trehalose biosynthesis is induced in response to stress as a protection mechanism. This pathway is an attractive target for antimicrobials as neither the enzymes, Tps1, and Tps2, nor is trehalose present in humans. Accumulation of T6P in Candida albicans, achieved by deletion of TPS2, resulted in strong reduction of fungal virulence. In this work, the effect of T6P on Tps1 activity was evaluated. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, C. albicans, and Candida tropicalis were used as experimental models. As expected, a heat stress induced both trehalose accumulation and increased Tps1 activity. However, the addition of 125 μM T6P to extracts obtained from stressed cells totally abolished or reduced in 50 and 60 % the induction of Tps1 activity in S. cerevisiae, C. tropicalis, and C. albicans, respectively. According to our results, T6P is an uncompetitive inhibitor of S. cerevisiae Tps1. This kind of inhibitor is able to decrease the rate of reaction to zero at increased concentrations. Based on the similarities found in sequence and function between Tps1 of S. cerevisiae and some pathogens and on the inhibitory effect of T6P on Tps1 activity observed in vitro, novel drugs can be developed for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by organisms whose infectivity and survival on the host depend on trehalose. 相似文献
93.
Fengxiang Li Junlin Xie De Fang Feng He Kai Qi Pijun Gong 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2017,43(10):5413-5432
A series of Ce–MnO x /TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a novel sol–gel template method and investigated for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 at temperatures ranging from 353 to 473 K. The 0.07Ce–MnO x /TiO2 catalyst showed the highest activity and best resistance to SO2 poisoning. The structure and properties of the catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetry (TG)–differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)–mass spectroscopy (MS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements, H2-temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and NH3-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The superior catalytic activity of the 0.07Ce–MnO x /TiO2 catalyst was probably due to a change in the active components, an increase in surface active oxygen and surface acid sites, and lower crystallinity and larger surface area with Ce doping. Furthermore, the reduction ability also became stronger. The SO2 poisoning resistance of the 0.07Ce–MnO x /TiO2 catalyst improved because doping with Ce can effectively decrease the formation of ammonium salt on the catalyst surface and the sulfation of MnO x . In situ diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier-transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy experiments indicated that addition of Ce could promote adsorption of NH3 and inhibit generation of some nitryl species. The SCR reactions over the catalysts mainly followed the Eley–Rideal mechanism accompanied with a partial Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. 相似文献
94.
In a seminal work, Boneh, Sahai and Waters (BSW) [TCC’11] showed that for functional encryption the indistinguishability notion of security (IND-Security) is weaker than simulation-based security (SIM-Security), and that SIM-Security is in general impossible to achieve. This has opened up the door to a plethora of papers showing feasibility and new impossibility results. Nevertheless, the quest for better definitions that (1) overcome the limitations of IND-Security and (2) the known impossibility results, is still open. In this work, we explore the benefits and the limits of using efficient rewinding black-box simulators to argue security. To do so, we introduce a new simulation-based security definition, that we call rewinding simulation-based security (RSIM-Security), that is weaker than the previous ones but it is still sufficiently strong to not meet pathological schemes as it is the case for IND-Security (that is implied by the RSIM). This is achieved by retaining a strong simulation-based flavour but adding more rewinding power to the simulator having care to guarantee that it can not learn more than what the adversary would learn in any run of the experiment. What we found is that for RSIM the BSW impossibility result does not hold and that IND-Security is equivalent to RSIM-Security for attribute-based encryption in the standard model. Nevertheless, we prove that there is a setting where rewinding simulators are of no help. The adversary can put in place a strategy that forces the simulator to rewind continuously. 相似文献
95.
In recent work, we constructed a new near octagon \(\mathcal {G}\) from certain involutions of the finite simple group \(G_2(4)\) and showed a correspondence between the Suzuki tower of finite simple groups, \(L_3(2)< U_3(3)< J_2< G_2(4) < Suz\), and the tower of near polygons, \(\mathrm {H}(2,1) \subset \mathrm {H}(2)^D \subset \mathsf {HJ} \subset \mathcal {G}\). Here we characterize each of these near polygons (except for the first one) as the unique near polygon of the given order and diameter containing an isometrically embedded copy of the previous near polygon of the tower. In particular, our characterization of the Hall–Janko near octagon \(\mathsf {HJ}\) is similar to an earlier characterization due to Cohen and Tits who proved that it is the unique regular near octagon with parameters (2, 4; 0, 3), but instead of regularity we assume existence of an isometrically embedded dual split Cayley hexagon, \(\mathrm {H}(2)^D\). We also give a complete classification of near hexagons of order (2, 2) and use it to prove the uniqueness result for \(\mathrm {H}(2)^D\). 相似文献
96.
In this article we provide a complete classification of regular partial difference sets in Abelian groups of order \(4p^2\), p an odd prime. It turns out that the known examples are the only examples. These are, up to complements, the trivial examples, the PCP examples, and a sporadic example in \(\mathbb {Z}_2^2\times \mathbb {Z}_3^2\). 相似文献
97.
Roberto?Alicandro Lucia?De?Luca Adriana?Garroni Marcello?PonsiglioneEmail author 《Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations》2017,56(5):148
In Alicandro et al. (J Mech Phys Solids 92:87–104, 2016) a simple discrete scheme for the motion of screw dislocations toward low energy configurations has been proposed. There, a formal limit of such a scheme, as the lattice spacing and the time step tend to zero, has been described. The limiting dynamics agrees with the maximal dissipation criterion introduced in Cermelli and Gurtin (Arch Ration Mech Anal 148, 1999) and predicts motion along the glide directions of the crystal. In this paper, we provide rigorous proofs of the results in [3], and in particular of the passage from the discrete to the continuous dynamics. The proofs are based on \(\Gamma \)-convergence techniques. 相似文献
98.
An eco-friendly tandem tosylation/Ferrier N-glycosylation of amines catalyzed by Er(OTf)3 in 2-MeTHF
Monica Nardi Natividad Herrera Cano Antonio De Nino Maria Luisa Di Gioia Loredana Maiuolo Manuela Oliverio Ana Santiago Diletta Sorrentino Antonio Procopio 《Tetrahedron letters》2017,58(18):1721-1726
Er(OTf)3 in 2-MeTHF provides a new and eco-friendly process for Ferrier glycosylation of sulfonamides and amino acids with various N-nucleophiles.The stereoselective synthesis of 2,3-unsaturated-N-pseudoglycals was carried out with 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-d-glucal and different nucleophiles affording good results in a short time. 相似文献
99.
A metal-free synthesis of symmetrical anhydrides has been developed starting from aldehydes, both aliphatic and aromatic or primary benzylic alcohols. The reaction occurs at room temperature and makes use of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) as an oxidant providing the desired carboxylic anhydrides in satisfactory yields. 相似文献
100.
Various substituted dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines underwent an enantioselective alkylation with Et2Zn catalyzed by a (R)-VAPOL-Zn(II) complex. The corresponding chiral 11-ethyl-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine derivatives were obtained with good yields and moderate enantioselectivities. This represents the first example of enantioselective addition of Et2Zn to cyclic aldimines. 相似文献